{"id":5235,"date":"2025-10-21T20:14:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T20:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/?page_id=5235"},"modified":"2025-10-21T23:47:46","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T23:47:46","slug":"zekat-fetvalari","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/zekat-fetvalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Zekat Fetvalari"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Gelenekten Gelece\u011fe\u2026<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnamaz vakitleri<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n Zek\u00e2t Fetvalar\u0131<\/title>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n<style> \r\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap'); \r\n \r\n .zakat-faq { \r\n --primary: #DE4445; \/* red *\/ \r\n --accent: #FECC5B; \/* yellow *\/ \r\n font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif; \r\n background: #fff; \r\n border-radius: 20px; \r\n box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); \r\n padding: 30px 20px; \r\n width: 100%; \r\n max-width: none; \r\n margin: 0; \r\n box-sizing: border-box; \r\n } \r\n \r\n .zakat-faq h2 { \r\n text-align: center; \r\n color: var(--primary); \r\n font-weight: 700; \r\n margin-bottom: 25px; \r\n font-size: 1.8rem; \r\n } \r\n \r\n .faq-item { \r\n border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; \r\n padding: 15px 0; \r\n } \r\n \r\n .faq-question { \r\n width: 100%; \r\n background: none; \r\n border: none; \r\n outline: none; \r\n color: var(--primary); \r\n font-size: 1.1rem; \r\n font-weight: 600; \r\n text-align: left; \r\n cursor: pointer; \r\n position: relative; \r\n transition: color 0.3s ease; \r\n } \r\n \r\n .faq-question::after { \r\n content: \"+\"; \r\n position: absolute; \r\n right: 10px; \r\n color: var(--accent); \r\n font-size: 1.4rem; \r\n font-weight: 700; \r\n transition: transform 0.3s ease; \r\n } \r\n \r\n .faq-question.active::after { \r\n content: \"\u2212\"; \r\n transform: rotate(180deg); \r\n } \r\n \r\n .faq-answer { \r\n max-height: 0; \r\n overflow: hidden; \r\n font-size: 1rem; \r\n color: #444; \r\n line-height: 1.6; \r\n transition: all 0.35s ease; \r\n margin-top: 0; \r\n } \r\n \r\n .faq-answer.open { \r\n max-height: 800px; \r\n margin-top: 10px; \r\n } \r\n \r\n .faq-answer p { \r\n margin: 0 0 15px; \r\n } \r\n\r\n .faq-answer strong {\r\n color: var(--primary);\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* Normalize question heading styles across button\/div variants *\/\r\n .faq-question { \r\n display: block; \r\n -webkit-appearance: none; \r\n appearance: none; \r\n padding: 0; \r\n }\r\n .faq-question h3 { \r\n margin: 0; \r\n font-size: inherit; \r\n font-weight: inherit; \r\n color: inherit; \r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* Consistent list spacing in answers *\/\r\n .faq-answer ul { \r\n margin: 0 0 15px 18px; \r\n padding-left: 18px; \r\n }\r\n .faq-answer li { \r\n margin: 6px 0; \r\n }\r\n \r\n @media (max-width: 768px) { \r\n .zakat-faq { padding: 20px 15px; } \r\n .zakat-faq h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; } \r\n .faq-question { font-size: 1rem; } \r\n } \r\n\r\n \/* Design refresh *\/\r\n body { background: #f7f7f9; margin: 0; }\r\n .zakat-faq { border: 1px solid #f0f0f5; box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\r\n\r\n .faq-item { margin: 6px 0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 8px 12px; }\r\n .faq-item:hover { background: rgba(254, 204, 91, 0.06); box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); }\r\n .faq-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\r\n\r\n .faq-question { padding: 12px 34px 12px 0; line-height: 1.5; }\r\n .faq-question:hover { color: #c83a3b; }\r\n .faq-question:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid rgba(254,204,91,0.45); border-radius: 10px; }\r\n .faq-question::after { right: 0; top: 50%; content: \"\u25b8\"; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1; transform-origin: center; transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(0deg); transition: transform 0.25s ease; }\r\n .faq-question.active { color: #b63637; }\r\n .faq-question.active::after { transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(90deg); }\r\n\r\n \/* Enhanced animation *\/\r\n .faq-answer { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-4px); will-change: max-height, opacity, transform; }\r\n .faq-answer.open { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); padding-left: 12px; }\r\n \r\n <\/style> \r\n \r\n <div class=\"zakat-faq\"> \r\n <h2>\ud83d\udcd8 Zek\u00e2t Fetvalar\u0131<\/h2> \r\n \r\n <div class=\"faq-item\"> \r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Zek\u00e2t nedir?<\/button> \r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\"> \r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t, dinen zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kabul edilen miktarda (nisap) mala sahip olan kimselerin Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in muayyen ki\u015filere vermesi gereken belli miktar\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fartlar:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <p>\u2022 Mallar\u0131n nisaba ula\u015fmas\u0131<br>\r\n \u2022 N\u00e2m\u00ee (\u00fcreyici\/art\u0131c\u0131) olmas\u0131<br>\r\n \u2022 Sahip olundu\u011fu andan itibaren \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi<br>\r\n \u2022 Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k borcundan ve asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lardan fazla olmas\u0131<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Nisap:<\/strong> Zek\u00e2tla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmak i\u00e7in esas al\u0131nan zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc:<\/p>\r\n <p>\u2022 Alt\u0131nda 20 miskal (80.18 gr)<br>\r\n \u2022 Devede 5 adet<br>\r\n \u2022 S\u0131\u011f\u0131rda 30 adet<br>\r\n \u2022 Koyun ve ke\u00e7ide 40 adet<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n kimlere verilece\u011fi Kur'an-\u0131 Kerim'de ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f (Tevbe, 9\/60), nisab\u0131 da hadislerde belirtilmi\u015ftir (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 32, 36, 38, 43). Buna g\u00f6re temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip olan ki\u015fi di\u011fer \u015fartlar da yerine gelmi\u015fse bu mallar\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermesi gerekir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 4 vd).<\/p>\r\n <\/div> \r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\"> \r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Zek\u00e2t ne zaman farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki hikmetler nelerdir?<\/button> \r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\"> \r\n <p><strong>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n Farz K\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t hicretin ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda Medine'de farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zek\u00e2t, Kur'an-\u0131 Kerim'de pek \u00e7ok \u00e2yette namaz ile birlikte zikredilmi\u015f (Bakara, 2\/43, 110; Hac, 22\/78; N\u00fbr, 24\/56); Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) de zek\u00e2t\u0131n \u0130slam'\u0131n temel ibadetlerinden biri oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 1).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n Hikmetleri:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <p>Kur'an ve hadislerde namaz ile zek\u00e2t\u0131n ard\u0131 ard\u0131na zikredilmesi, toplumlar\u0131n ruh\u00ee olgunlu\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131nda bu iki ibadetin rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Kur'an-\u0131 Kerim, iyili\u011fe eri\u015fmenin ve muttak\u00ee bir m\u00fcmin olabilmenin en \u00f6nemli \u015fartlar\u0131ndan birinin zek\u00e2t vermek oldu\u011funu ifade eder (Bakara, 2\/177).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p>Ayn\u0131 zamanda zek\u00e2t kurtulu\u015fa eren m\u00fcminlerin vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan biridir (M\u00fc'min\u00fbn, 23\/1, 4). B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ilaveten zek\u00e2t vermek, Allah'\u0131n rahmetini celbeden hususlardand\u0131r (A'r\u00e2f, 7\/156). K\u0131saca zek\u00e2t, mal\u0131 temizleyen ve manevi ar\u0131nmaya vesile olan bir ibadettir (Tevbe, 9\/103).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p>\u00c2yet ve hadislerde s\u0131kl\u0131kla emredilen zek\u00e2t\u0131 vermemek m\u00fc\u015friklerin vasf\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve Kur'an'da bu durum yerilmi\u015ftir (Fussilet, 41\/6-7).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Toplumsal Faydalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n topluma d\u00f6n\u00fck pek \u00e7ok yarar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Mesela zek\u00e2t, maddi g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flar, zengin ile fakir aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumu azalt\u0131r; aralar\u0131nda sevgi ve yak\u0131nl\u0131k do\u011fmas\u0131na vesile olur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zek\u00e2t toplumsal kenetlenmeyi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p>Ayr\u0131ca toplumlar\u0131 bencillik ve kin gibi ahlaki hastal\u0131klardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilece\u011fi yerlerin toplumun her katman\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131 kapsamas\u0131 sosyal dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da garantisidir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div> \r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\"> \r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Zek\u00e2t kimlere farzd\u0131r? Ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/button> \r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\"> \r\n <p><strong>Zek\u00e2t \u0130badeti ile \u0130lgili \u015eartlar:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t ibadeti ile ilgili \u015fartlar, zek\u00e2t\u0131n bir kimseye farz olmas\u0131n\u0131n ve verilen zek\u00e2t\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 \u015feklinde iki ayr\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n Farz Olmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u015eartlar:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <p>Bir kimseye zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in o kimsenin:<\/p>\r\n <p>\u2022 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131<br>\r\n \u2022 Ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerinde olmas\u0131<br>\r\n \u2022 Ergenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131<br>\r\n \u2022 H\u00fcr olmas\u0131 (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 4-5)<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p>Ayr\u0131ca bir y\u0131ll\u0131k borcundan ve asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan fazla hakikaten ya da h\u00fckmen art\u0131c\u0131, yani kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte \"nisap miktar\u0131\" mala sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Art\u0131c\u0131 olmaktan kastedilen, mal\u0131n sahibine gelir, k\u00e2r, fayda temin etmesi yahut kendili\u011finden \u00e7o\u011falma ve artma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca nisap miktar\u0131 mal ya da servete sahip olduktan sonra \u00fczerinden bir kameri y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi ve y\u0131l sonunda da nisap miktar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131 gerekir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 13 vd.; \u0130bn Kud\u00e2me, el-Mu\u011fn\u00ee, IV, 73-74). Y\u0131l i\u00e7erisindeki art\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flere itibar edilmez. Zek\u00e2t bu s\u00fcre dolmadan \u00f6nce de verilebilir. (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 15).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n Ge\u00e7erli Olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015eartlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na gelince, \u00f6ncelikle <strong>\"niyet\"<\/strong> \u015fartt\u0131r. Zek\u00e2t bir ibadet oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in niyetsiz yerine getirilemez (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 40; \u0130bn Kud\u00e2me, el-Mu\u011fn\u00ee, IV, 88).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p>Ayr\u0131ca fakire verilmesi ve teslimi demek olan <strong>\"temlik\"<\/strong> de \u015fartt\u0131r (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 39). Yemek haz\u0131rlay\u0131p yedirmek gibi ib\u00e2ha denilen yollarla fakire zek\u00e2t verilmi\u015f olmaz.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Hav\u00e2ic-i asliyye (asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar) nedir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p><strong>\u0130slam'da Zek\u00e2t ve Temel \u0130htiya\u00e7lar:<\/strong><br>\r\n \u0130slam'da di\u011fer beden\u00ee ve mal\u00ee y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerde oldu\u011fu gibi, zek\u00e2tta da m\u00fckellefin durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, ona makul ve ta\u015f\u0131nabilir bir sorumluluk y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle \u0130slam bilginleri, zek\u00e2t ve sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmak i\u00e7in, ki\u015finin ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu aile bireylerinin temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan fazla olarak nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip olma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 aram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Temel \u0130htiya\u00e7 Maddeleri:<\/strong><br>\r\n Temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddeleri insan\u0131n hayat ve h\u00fcrriyetini korumak i\u00e7in muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu \u015feylerdir. Bunlar:<\/p>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>\u2022 Bar\u0131nma<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 Nafaka (yiyecek, giyecek ve sa\u011fl\u0131k giderleri)<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 Ula\u015f\u0131m<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 E\u011fitim<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 Ev e\u015fyas\u0131<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 Sanat ve mesle\u011fe ait alet ve makineler<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 Kitaplar<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 G\u00fcvenlik amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan aletler<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 Elektrik, su, yak\u0131t, aidat vb. di\u011fer cari giderler<\/li>\r\n <li>\u2022 Bu temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan para<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> (Mevs\u0131li, el-\u0130htiyar, I, 332-333; \u0130bn Abidin, Reddu'l-muhtar, III, 178)<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t hesaplan\u0131rken hangi bor\u00e7lar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p><strong>Genel Kural:<\/strong><br>\r\n Zek\u00e2t vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan ki\u015fi, elindeki zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi olan mal\u0131ndan kul haklar\u0131na m\u00fcteallik bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Hanef\u00ee Mezhebinin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc:<\/strong><br>\r\n Hanef\u00ee mezhebinin genel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fc gelmi\u015f veya gelmemi\u015f olan bor\u00e7lar bu konuda ayn\u0131 h\u00fckme t\u00e2bidir. Ancak Hanef\u00eelerden bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e2limlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, sadece vadesi gelmi\u015f olarak birikmi\u015f ve alacakl\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan talep edilen bor\u00e7lar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr; hen\u00fcz \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fc gelmemi\u015f olan bor\u00e7lar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmez. Zira bu t\u00fcr veresiye bor\u00e7lar genellikle alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan istenmez; \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fc gelmi\u015f olan bor\u00e7lar istenir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 6).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee Mezhebinin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc:<\/strong><br>\r\n \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezhebinin me\u015fhur olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re ise hi\u00e7bir bor\u00e7, zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi olan mallar\u0131n hi\u00e7birisinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmez, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bor\u00e7luluk h\u00e2li zek\u00e2t vermeye engel de\u011fildir (Nevev\u00ee, el-Mecm\u00fb', V, 344).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Uzun Vadeli Bor\u00e7lar:<\/strong><br>\r\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6deme plan\u0131 uzun bir takvime ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan ve ileriki y\u0131llarda d\u00fczenli olarak \u00f6denecek olan kamu, TOK\u0130, kooperatif, kredi t\u00fcr\u00fc bor\u00e7lar, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle zek\u00e2t mal\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmemelidir. Zira bu \u00f6deme takvimleri 10-20 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7ok uzun vadeleri kapsamakta ve insanlar bu bor\u00e7lar\u0131 hemen o y\u0131lda \u00f6deme durumuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><br>\r\n Bu bak\u0131mdan ki\u015finin elinde bulunan zek\u00e2ta tabi mallardan, sadece <strong>\"o zek\u00e2t y\u0131l\u0131na ait olan birikmi\u015f bor\u00e7lar, vadesi o y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dolmu\u015f veya dolacak olan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o zek\u00e2t y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde hemen \u00f6denmesi gereken bor\u00e7lar\"<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmelidir. Zira zek\u00e2t, y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ibadettir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u0130htiya\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7 ve malzemelere zek\u00e2t d\u00fc\u015fer mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p><strong>Sanat ve Meslek Ara\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><br>\r\n Sanat ve mesle\u011fin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7, makine ve malzemeler, asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar kapsam\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekmez.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Ticaret Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Ara\u00e7-Gere\u00e7:<\/strong><br>\r\n Ancak, ki\u015finin kendi mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil de, ticaret i\u00e7in \u00fcretilen veya al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lan ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7, malzeme ve makinelerin zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> (Zeyla\u00ee, Teby\u00een, I, 253; el-Fet\u00e2va'l-Hindiyye, I, 190)<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Babas\u0131 ile birlikte oturan kimse zek\u00e2t ile m\u00fckellef midir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p><strong>M\u00fclkiyetin \u015eahsili\u011fi Esas\u0131:<\/strong><br>\r\n \u0130slam'da m\u00fclkiyetin \u015fahsili\u011fi esast\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re bir kimse babas\u0131yla birlikte oturuyor olsa bile zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip ise zek\u00e2t ile m\u00fckelleftir.<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Ortak Mal Durumu:<\/strong><br>\r\n Ancak babas\u0131 ile mallar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rmam\u0131\u015flar da ortak kazan\u0131p ortak harc\u0131yorlarsa, bu takdirde ellerindeki birikim \u00fczerinde tasarruf yetkisine sahip olan ki\u015fi zek\u00e2tla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>B\u00fclu\u011f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ermemi\u015f zengin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n mal\u0131ndan zek\u00e2t vermek gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p><strong>Zek\u00e2t M\u00fckellefiyet \u015eartlar\u0131:<\/strong><br>\r\n Bir kimsenin zek\u00e2tla m\u00fckellef olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e2kil ve b\u00e2li\u011f olmas\u0131 gerekir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee', II, 9 vd.).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>Hanef\u00ee Mezhebinin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc:<\/strong><br>\r\n Bu bak\u0131mdan Hanef\u00eelere g\u00f6re zengin de olsa b\u00fclu\u011f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na girmemi\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n mallar\u0131ndan zek\u00e2t vermek gerekmez. Ancak, \u00e7ocuklara ait tar\u0131m arazilerinden elde edilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc yani zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekir (Serahs\u00ee, el-Mebs\u00fbt, III, 50; \u0130bn N\u00fcceym, el-Bahr, II, 255).<\/p>\r\n \r\n <p><strong>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee Mezhebinin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc:<\/strong><br>\r\n \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezhebine g\u00f6re zek\u00e2t vermek i\u00e7in ak\u0131l ve b\u00fclu\u011f \u015fart de\u011fildir. \u00c7ocuk ve akl\u00ee yeterlili\u011fi olmayan (mecnun) kimsenin de zek\u00e2t vermesi gerekir (\u015eirb\u00een\u00ee, Mu\u011fni'l-muht\u00e2c, I, 602).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Bir \u00f6\u011frencinin burs olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 para nisap miktar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rsa zek\u00e2t vermesi gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k borcu ve temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 80.18 gr. veya daha fazla alt\u0131na veya bu de\u011ferde para veya ticaret mal\u0131na sahip olan bir kimse, buna m\u00e2lik oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden itibaren \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, zek\u00e2t vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur (Mevs\u0131l\u00ee, el-\u0130htiy\u00e2r, I, 330). Zek\u00e2ta konu olan paran\u0131n al\u0131nan yard\u0131mlardan ve burs paralar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Kira gelirleri zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi midir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k borcu ve asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 80.18 gr. alt\u0131n\u0131 veya bu miktar de\u011ferinde mal\u0131 yahut paras\u0131 olan kimseler, dinen zengin say\u0131l\u0131r. Kira gelirlerinin zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi di\u011fer mal ve gelirlerle birlikte, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar ve bor\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra nisap miktar\u0131na (80.18 gr. alt\u0131n veya de\u011feri) ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde k\u0131rkta bir ( % 2,5) oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekir (Mer\u011f\u00een\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Hid\u00e2ye, II, 165, 190-191).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3> Ticaret veya yat\u0131r\u0131m ama\u00e7l\u0131 al\u0131nan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar i\u00e7in zek\u00e2t vermek gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Ticaret maksad\u0131yla elde bulundurulan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir. Ki\u015filerin ticar\u00ee ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak al\u0131p satt\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar da bu kapsamda yer al\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, b\u00fcro ve mesken gibi kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmay\u0131p al\u0131p satmak amac\u0131 ile ki\u015filerin ellerinde bulundurduklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n, bir y\u0131ll\u0131k bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra de\u011ferleri nisap miktar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f ise k\u0131rkta bir (% 2,5) oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 20).<\/p>\r\n <p>Ticaret veya yat\u0131r\u0131m ama\u00e7l\u0131 yani daha sonra de\u011ferlenince satmak \u00fczere al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 her y\u0131l piyasa de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinden verilir. Ev, d\u00fckk\u00e2n, tarla veya ba\u011f-bah\u00e7e yapma niyetiyle sat\u0131n al\u0131nan arsalar ise zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3> Ticaret mal\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>K\u00e2r amac\u0131yla al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lan mallara \u201cticaret mallar\u0131\u201d denir. 80.18 gr. alt\u0131n de\u011ferinde ticaret mal\u0131na sahip olan ki\u015finin, nisab miktar\u0131 mala sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde, k\u0131rkta bir (% 2,5) oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermesi gerekir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t, di\u011fer \u015fartlar yan\u0131nda, hakikaten veya h\u00fckmen elde mevcut bulunup \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7en maldan verilir. \u0130leride sa\u011flanmas\u0131 muhtemel art\u0131\u015flar zek\u00e2t\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmaz. Ticaret mallar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 ilke ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu itibarla, ticaret mal\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131 verilirken, sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde elde edilecek k\u00e2r dikkate al\u0131nmadan sanki mal\u0131n ayn\u0131ndan (bizzat kendisinden) zek\u00e2t veriyormu\u015f gibi zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilece\u011fi tarihteki maliyet de\u011feri esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3> Ticaret mal\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131 kendi cinsinden \u00f6denebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Ticaret mallar\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131, mal\u0131n de\u011feri \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131p parayla verilebilece\u011fi gibi, mal\u0131n kendi cinsinden de verilebilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3> K\u00e2\u011f\u0131t paralar\u0131n\/banknotlar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131 verilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde m\u00fcbadele arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan para, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t parad\u0131r. Para, e\u015fyan\u0131n bedeli olarak kullan\u0131lmakta, al\u0131m sat\u0131m onunla yap\u0131lmakta, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri, memur maa\u015flar\u0131 vs. onunla verilmekte ve zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kabul edilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t para, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn m\u00fcbadele vas\u0131tas\u0131 olarak yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fug\u00f6revi y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekti\u011fi gibi k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t paran\u0131n da zek\u00e2t\u0131 verilmelidir (Cez\u00eer\u00ee, el-Mez\u00e2hib\u00fc\u2019l-erbe\u2018a, I, 546; Z\u00fchayl\u00ee, el-F\u0131khu\u2019l-\u0130slam\u00ee, II, 772).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Alt\u0131n ticareti yapan bir kimse zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l verir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Alt\u0131n ticareti yapan bir kimse zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu alt\u0131n ve elde etti\u011fi gelirin toplam\u0131 \u00fczerinden verir. Farkl\u0131 ayarlarda alt\u0131n varsa, her ayar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131 kendisinden veya de\u011ferinden verilir. Ancak nisap hesaplan\u0131rken ayar farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n eldeki alt\u0131nlar\u0131n hepsi birlikte tart\u0131l\u0131r (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 20).<\/p>\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131 \u00f6denecek alt\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken, ge\u00e7en sene zek\u00e2t verilen tarih esas al\u0131n\u0131r. S\u00f6z gelimi, ge\u00e7en sene 1 Ramazan\u2019da zek\u00e2t verilmi\u015fse, bu sene 1 Ramazan\u2019da elde mevcut alt\u0131n esas al\u0131narak zek\u00e2t verilir. Y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki art\u0131\u015flar ve eksilmeler dikkate al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\r\n <p>Ticaret i\u00e7in olan zinetlerin zek\u00e2t\u0131, s\u0131rf maden de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7ilik, kullan\u0131lan k\u0131ymetli ta\u015flar vb. \u015feylerin kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilave de\u011ferler dikkate al\u0131narak maliyetleri \u00fczerinden verilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Farkl\u0131 ayarda alt\u0131n\u0131 bulunan kimse zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplar?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t nisab\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan alt\u0131ndaki ayar fark\u0131 \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hangi ayarda olursa olsun, sonu\u00e7 itibariyle alt\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Buna g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 ayarda da olsa sahip olunan b\u00fct\u00fcn alt\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin toplam a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 80.18 grama ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 h\u00e2linde zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir. Ancak bu durumda farkl\u0131 ayarlardaki alt\u0131nlar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinden hesaplanarak k\u0131rkta bir (% 2,5) oran\u0131nda verilir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 20).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, ziynet e\u015fyas\u0131ndan zek\u00e2t vermeleri gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ziynet e\u015fyalar\u0131, zek\u00e2t i\u00e7in gerekli di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde Hanef\u00eelere g\u00f6re zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir. Bu itibarla alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ziynet e\u015fyalar\u0131, 80.18 gr. veya daha fazla olup \u00fczerinden de bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f ise k\u0131rkta biri oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 verilir. Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki maden ve ta\u015flardan mamul ziynet e\u015fyas\u0131 ise zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi de\u011fildir (\u0130bn N\u00fcceym, el-Bahr, II, 243).<\/p>\r\n <p>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, M\u00e2lik\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00ee bilginlerine g\u00f6re ise, kad\u0131n\u0131n normal olarak tak\u0131p kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziynet (tak\u0131) e\u015fyas\u0131, asl\u00ee ihtiyac\u0131 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bunlardan zek\u00e2t gerekmez (Nevev\u00ee, el-Mecm\u00fb\u2019, VI, 46; \u0130bn Kud\u00e2me, el-Mu\u011fn\u00ee, IV, 220).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Hayvanlar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131, para olarak da verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Hayvanlar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131, kendi cinsinden verilebilece\u011fi gibi, de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinden para olarak da verilebilir. (Bkz. K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 41). Ancak fakirin yarar\u0131na olan\u0131 tercih etmek daha uygundur.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Emlak\u00e7\u0131, kendi m\u00fclkiyetindeki gayr\u0131 menkullerin zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Emlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ticar\u00ee ama\u00e7la al\u0131p satt\u0131klar\u0131 gayr\u0131 menkuller zek\u00e2ta tabidir. Buna g\u00f6re, emlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n al\u0131p satmak amac\u0131 ile m\u00fclkiyetlerinde bulundurduklar\u0131 gayr\u0131 menkuller, bunlardan kaynaklanan bor\u00e7lar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra de\u011feri nisap miktar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f ise k\u0131rkta bir (%2,5) oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2ta tabidir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 20). Her bir gayr\u0131 menkul \u00fczerinden ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zek\u00e2t vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduktan sonra m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7en emlak\u0131n, di\u011fer mal ve emlak ile birlikte hesaplanarak zek\u00e2t\u0131 verilir. Bu kapsama giren gayr\u0131 menkullerin zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 verilirken o s\u0131radaki piyasa de\u011feri esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in zek\u00e2t vermek gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>\u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 zek\u00e2ta tabi de\u011fildir. Bunlarla elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn veya gelirlerin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya da di\u011fer birikimlerle birlikte nisap miktar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7erse k\u0131rkta bir (% 2,5) oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Hisse senetleri i\u00e7in zek\u00e2t vermek gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Bir \u015firketin hisse senetlerini, sat\u0131n alan ki\u015fi, bu \u015firketin bina, makine ve demirba\u015flar\u0131na hissesi oran\u0131nda ortak olmu\u015f olur. Bu durumda hisse sahibi, \u015firketin elde edece\u011fi k\u00e2r ya da u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 zarara ortakt\u0131r. \u015eirketin k\u00e2r etmesi durumunda hisse sahibine isabet eden k\u00e2r pay\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya da ba\u015fka birikimlerle birlikte nisap miktar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7erse % 2,5 oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi olur.<\/p>\r\n <p>S\u00f6z konusu hisselere, elde tutulup k\u00e2r pay\u0131ndan yararlanmak amac\u0131 ile de\u011fil de, al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla sahip olunursa, bu hisseler ticaret mal\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Zek\u00e2ta tabi di\u011fer mallarla birlikte nisap miktar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rlarsa piyasa de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinden ve % 2,5 oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 verilir. (Z\u00fchayl\u00ee, el-F\u0131khu\u2019l-\u0130slam\u00ee, II, 774, 799).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u015eirket ortaklar\u0131 nas\u0131l zek\u00e2t verirler?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>\u015eirketler, h\u00fckm\u00ee \u015fah\u0131s niteli\u011finde olduklar\u0131ndan, \u015firketlerin kendisi de\u011fil de, ortaklardan her birinin hissesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya varsa di\u011fer mallar\u0131yla birlikte nisap miktar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rsa zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi olur. Buna g\u00f6re, asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan fazla, nisap miktar\u0131 (80.18 gr. alt\u0131n veya de\u011feri) mala sahip olan kimsenin, bu mal\u0131n \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermesi gerekir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u015firketlerin; duran varl\u0131klar\u0131 (\u00fcretim aletleri, makine vb.) zek\u00e2ttan muaft\u0131r. Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k bor\u00e7lar, malzeme, i\u015f\u00e7ilik, \u00fcretim, pazarlama, y\u00f6netim, finansman vb. giderlerin maliyet hesaplar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra d\u00f6nen varl\u0131klar (yar\u0131 mam\u00fcl ve \u00fcretilmi\u015f mallar, hammaddeler, nakit para, \u00e7ek vs.) net k\u00e2r ile birlikte k\u0131rkta bir (% 2,5) oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir (Z\u00fchayl\u00ee, el-F\u0131khu\u2019l-\u0130slam\u00ee, II, 864-865).<\/p>\r\n <p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6yle bir \u015firketin orta\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015finin, \u015firketin b\u00fcro, alet vb. duran varl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kendi hissesine d\u00fc\u015fen miktar\u0131n nisaba ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermesi gerekir. Ticaret alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u015firketlerde de durum ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <p>Hisse sahiplerinin, zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilmesini \u015firket y\u00f6netimine b\u0131rakmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, y\u00f6netim, hisse sahiplerine vek\u00e2leten onlar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 verebilir. Bu durumda, ger\u00e7ek \u015fah\u0131slar mallar\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplay\u0131p veriyorlarsa, \u015firket y\u00f6netimi de o \u015fekilde verir. \u015eirket, hisselerin zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermemi\u015fse, hissedarlar\u0131n kendi hisselerinin zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermeleri gerekir (Mecma\u2019u\u2019l-F\u0131kh, Kar\u00e2r\u00e2t ve Tevs\u0131y\u00e2t, 6-11 \u015eubat 1988 tarihli karar, s. 143-145).<\/p>\r\n <p>Kamer\u00ee y\u0131l esas\u0131na g\u00f6re senede bir envanter\/bilan\u00e7o \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6nen varl\u0131klar, nakitler, \u00e7ekler ve alacaklar de\u011fer olarak toplan\u0131r. Varsa bor\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra geride kalan t\u00fcm mebla\u011f\u0131n % 2,5\u2019u zek\u00e2t olarak verilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u00d6\u015f\u00fcr ne anlama gelir, din\u00ee dayana\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>S\u00f6zl\u00fckte onda bir anlam\u0131na gelen \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr, din\u00ee bir kavram olarak, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden verilen zek\u00e2t demektir. Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi olu\u015fu Kur\u2019an ile sabittir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Y\u00fcce Allah, \u201cEy iman edenler! Kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n iyilerinden ve r\u0131z\u0131k olarak yerden size \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zdan infak edin.\u201d (Bakara, 2\/267); \u201c\u00c7ardakl\u0131 ve \u00e7ardaks\u0131z (\u00fcz\u00fcm) bah\u00e7eleri, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit hurmalar\u0131, ekinleri, birbirine benzer ve benzemez bi\u00e7imde zeytin ve narlar\u0131 yaratan O\u2019dur. Her biri meyve verdi\u011fi zaman meyvesinden yiyin. Dev\u015firilip topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn de hakk\u0131n\u0131 (zek\u00e2t ve sadakas\u0131n\u0131) verin, fakat israf etmeyin; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah israf edenleri sevmez.\u201d (En\u203a\u00e2m, 6\/141) buyurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <p>Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin zek\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131 bizzat Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bir hadis-i \u015ferifte, \u201cYa\u011fmur ve nehir sular\u0131yla sulanan toprak mahsullerinde onda bir; kova ile sulananlarda ise yirmide bir \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr gerekir.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 55) buyrulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Toprak \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin zek\u00e2t\u0131 nas\u0131l verilir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>\u0130mam Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019ye g\u00f6re az veya \u00e7ok b\u00fct\u00fcn toprak \u00fcr\u00fcnleri zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir (Mevs\u0131l\u00ee, el-\u0130htiy\u00e2r, I, 372). \u0130mam M\u00e2lik ve \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re bir sene saklanabilen ve g\u0131da ama\u00e7l\u0131 t\u00fcketilen toprak \u00fcr\u00fcnleri zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir (\u0130bn C\u00fczey, el-Kav\u00e2n\u00een, 208; \u015e\u00eer\u00e2z\u00ee, el-M\u00fchezzeb, I, 288).<\/p>\r\n <p>Ahmed b. Hanbel\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen, tart\u0131labilen ve kurutulabilen dayan\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131da maddeleri ile pamuk ve keten gibi topraktan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir (\u0130bn Kud\u00e2me, el-Mu\u011fn\u00ee, IV, 155-160).<\/p>\r\n <p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00e2limlerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re bu\u011fday, arpa, m\u0131s\u0131r, pirin\u00e7 gibi saklanabilir tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden, \u00fcretim i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan g\u00fcbre, ila\u00e7 vb. ekstra masraflar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, geriye kalan \u00fcr\u00fcn, nisap miktar\u0131na (be\u015f vesk \/ \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne g\u00f6re 653-1000 kg. aras\u0131, mesela bu\u011fdayda 653 kg.) ula\u015f\u0131rsa zek\u00e2ta tabi olur.<\/p>\r\n <p>Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnler ise yukar\u0131daki maddelerden be\u015f vesk\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ymetine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman (\u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee, el-C\u00e2mi\u2018u\u2019s-sa\u011f\u00eer, s. 130-131) \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr verilir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, nasslar\u0131n ruhuna uygunlu\u011fu ve yoksullar\u0131n lehine olmas\u0131 sebebiyle daha uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u00c7ay ve pancar gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden zek\u00e2t vermek gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Tercih edilen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toprak mahsulleri ile meyveler i\u00e7in zek\u00e2t\/\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr vermek gerekir. (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019,II, 53). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ay ve pancar da zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bidir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u00d6\u015fr\u00fc verilen mahsul elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmay\u0131p muhafaza edilirse ve \u00fczerinden bir sene ge\u00e7erse, bu mahsule yeniden zek\u00e2t ve \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>\u00d6\u015fr\u00fc verilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, \u00fcreticisi taraf\u0131ndan paraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmedik\u00e7e \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak ambarda ne kadar kal\u0131rsa kals\u0131n yeniden \u00f6\u015fre tabi olmaz. (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 186-187, 228).<\/p>\r\n <p>Ancak \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc verilen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131l\u0131r ve paraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse bu para nakit t\u00fcr\u00fc di\u011fer zek\u00e2t mallar\u0131 ile birlikte de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Kam\u0131\u015f ve ot gibi kendili\u011finden yeti\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Genel ilke olarak insan eme\u011fi ile ve gelir sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile yeti\u015ftirilen toprak \u00fcr\u00fcnleri zek\u00e2ta (\u00f6\u015fre) t\u00e2bidir. Bu niteliklerde olmay\u0131p, tabiatta kendili\u011finden yeti\u015fen a\u011fa\u00e7, kam\u0131\u015f, ot ve benzeri \u015feyler i\u00e7in \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr gerekmez (Serahs\u00ee, el-Mebs\u00fbt, III, 2; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcm\u00e2m, Feth, II, 249). \u0130nsanlar taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u00e7 elde etmek \u00fczere yeti\u015ftirilen kavak ve kam\u0131\u015f gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden ise zek\u00e2t gerekir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Telef olan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6\u015fr\u00fcn\u00fcn verilmesi gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Hasattan sonra \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6\u015fr\u00fcn\u00fcn verilmesi gerekir. Hen\u00fcz hasat edilmeden \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tarlada telef olan \u00e7ift\u00e7inin, zek\u00e2t\/\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr \u00f6demesi gerekmez. Ancak hasat edildikten sonra, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc zayi olsa da \u00f6\u015fr\u00fcn\u00fc vermesi gerekir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 273). Nitekim Y\u00fcce Allah, \u201cDev\u015firilip topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnde hakk\u0131n\u0131 (zek\u00e2t ve sadakas\u0131n\u0131) verin.\u201d (En\u2019\u00e2m, 6\/141) buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u00dcr\u00fcn elde etmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan masraflar, \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr verilirken dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r m\u0131?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Kural olarak, sulanmas\u0131 masrafs\u0131z olan arazilerden elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn onda biri, masraf edilerek ve emek sarf edilerek sulanan arazilerden elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ise yirmide biri \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr olarak verilir. Sulama ile birlikte, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz tar\u0131m \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi g\u00fcbre, ila\u00e7 ve mazot gibi masraflar\u0131n \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr hesab\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konudur. Bu ilave masraflar \u00fcretimin maliyetinde \u00f6nemli bir yek\u00fbn olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan bunlar\u0131n \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr hesaplamas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc daha uygundur. Bu nedenle tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, sulama masraflar\u0131 ve yukar\u0131daki ilave masraflar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra nisaba ula\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde 1\/10 oran\u0131nda zek\u00e2ta\/\u00f6\u015fre tabidir. E\u011fer masraflar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmadan verilecekse 1\/20 oran\u0131nda \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr verilir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde nisap miktar\u0131, bu\u011fday, arpa, m\u0131s\u0131r, pirin\u00e7 gibi saklanabilir \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde, be\u015f vesktir. Bunun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k birimi ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re 653-1000 kg aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte mesela bu\u011fdayda 653 kg\u2019a tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde ise yukar\u0131daki maddelerden be\u015f veskinin de\u011feri en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ymetine denk olan miktard\u0131r. Seralarda yeti\u015ftirilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Ekilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fkas\u0131na verilen tarlan\u0131n \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc kim taraf\u0131ndan verilir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tarlan\u0131n ekilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fkas\u0131na verilmesi konusunda iki farkl\u0131 uygulama vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birisi, tarlan\u0131n belli bir bedel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kiraya verilmesidir. Bu uygulamada tarla sahibi belli bir \u00fccret al\u0131r, \u00e7\u0131kan mahsulden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey almaz. Di\u011fer uygulama ise tarlan\u0131n, ortakl\u0131k \u015feklinde verilmesidir. Bu uygulamaya baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerimizde yar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k da denilmektedir. Bu uygulamada tarla sahibi belli bir \u00fccret almamakta, \u00e7\u0131kan mahsul, tarla sahibi ile yar\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 oranda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Kiraya verilen tarlan\u0131n \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc, Hanef\u00ee mezhebinden \u0130mam Ebu Yusuf ve Muhammed\u2019in de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re kirac\u0131ya aittir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr, tarlan\u0131n de\u011fil, \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hakk\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de tamam\u0131n\u0131 kirac\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc vermek de ona d\u00fc\u015fer. Tarlay\u0131 eken kirac\u0131, g\u00fcbre, ila\u00e7 gibi ekstra masraflarla birlikte kira masraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131ktan sonra, geriye kalan \u00fcr\u00fcn nisap miktar\u0131na (be\u015f vesk \/ \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne g\u00f6re 653-1000 kg. aras\u0131, mesela bu\u011fdayda 653 kg.) ula\u015f\u0131rsa \u00e7\u0131kan mahsul\u00fcn \u00f6\u015fr\u00fcn\u00fc verir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 276-277; Karad\u00e2v\u00ee, F\u0131khu\u2019z-zek\u00e2t, I, 400, 402).<\/p>\r\n <p>Yar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa verilen tarlan\u0131n \u00f6\u015fr\u00fcn\u00fc de tarla sahibi ve kiralayan hisseleri oran\u0131nda verirler. Her biri, pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, -nisap miktar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda- \u00f6\u015fr\u00fcn\u00fc verir. (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 278; Karad\u00e2v\u00ee, F\u0131khu\u2019z-zek\u00e2t, I, 398-399)<\/p>\r\n <p>\u0130yilikte bulunma, s\u0131la-i rahim vb. d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle tarlan\u0131n, akrabalara veya fakir kimselere bedelsiz olarak verilmesi ise dinimizin te\u015fvik etti\u011fi bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 olarak verilen tarlan\u0131n \u00f6\u015fr\u00fc tarlay\u0131 kullanana aittir. Tarla sahibinin herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoktur (Karad\u00e2v\u00ee, F\u0131khu\u2019z-zek\u00e2t, I, 398).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Vergi, zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7er mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Vergi bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revidir; zek\u00e2t ise din\u00ee bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca zek\u00e2t ile vergi; m\u00fckellefiyet, temel gaye, oran, miktar ve harcanaca\u011f\u0131 yerler (Tevbe, 9\/60) bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla, devlete \u00f6denen vergiler zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7mez. Zek\u00e2t\u0131n ayr\u0131ca verilmesi gerekir (Karad\u00e2v\u00ee, F\u0131khu\u2019z-zek\u00e2t, II, 1118; \u0130slam Ticaret Hukukunun G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Meseleleri, (Sonu\u00e7 Bildirileri) s. 996).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Gayrime\u015fru yolla sa\u011flanan kazan\u00e7tan zek\u00e2t vermek gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Gayrime\u015fru yolla sa\u011flanan kazanc\u0131n sahibi belli ise, bu kazanc\u0131n sahibine iade edilmesi; belli de\u011fil ise, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sevap beklemeksizin yoksullara veya hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131na verilerek elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir (Serahs\u00ee, el-Mebs\u00fbt, XII, 172). Bu itibarla, gayrime\u015fru yolla elde edilen kazanc\u0131n tamam\u0131 ya sahibine iade edilerek veya hay\u0131r yolunda harcanarak elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131ndan, zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Alaca\u011f\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermek gerekir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2bi olup olmama bak\u0131m\u0131ndan alacaklar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r:<\/p>\r\n <p>a) Kuvvetli Alacak: Bunlar, bor\u00e7 olarak verilen paralar ile ticaret mallar\u0131n\u0131n bedeli olan alacaklard\u0131r. Bu alacaklar, bor\u00e7lular taraf\u0131ndan ikrar edilirse veya borcu ispata yarayan kesin delil varsa, alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l zek\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi gerekir. \u00d6nceki y\u0131llara ait zek\u00e2t\u0131 verilmemi\u015f ise, alacak tahsil edildikten sonra, ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara ait zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 \u00f6denir.<\/p>\r\n <p>b) Orta Alacak: Sat\u0131m i\u00e7in olmayan bir mal\u0131n gelirinden kaynaklanan alacakt\u0131r. Ev kiras\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 gibi. Bu alacakta da ge\u00e7mi\u015f senelerin zek\u00e2t borcu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ancak zek\u00e2t borcunun \u00f6denme mecburiyeti i\u00e7in alacakl\u0131n\u0131n en az nisap miktar\u0131 kadar tahsil etmesi gerekir.<\/p>\r\n <p>c) Zay\u0131f Alacak: Vasiyet, mehir ve diyet gibi mal bedeli olmayan alacaklard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr alacaklar mal de\u011fi\u015fiminde olu\u015fmu\u015f bir bor\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Bu nevi alacaklar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara ait zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 gerekmez. Tahsil edilip \u00fczerlerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7ince zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 verilir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 238, 239; Mehmed Zihni, Ni\u2018met-i \u0130slam, s. 739, 740).<\/p>\r\n <p>\u0130nk\u00e2r edilen veya geri al\u0131nma ihtimali olmayan alacaklar i\u00e7in, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l zek\u00e2t vermesi gerekmez. \u015e\u00e2yet bu t\u00fcr \u00fcmit kesilmi\u015f bir alacak daha sonra \u00f6denirse, tahsil edilip \u00fczerinden y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra sadece o y\u0131l\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131 verilir; ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llar i\u00e7in zek\u00e2t gerekmez (Mer\u011f\u00een\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Hid\u00e2ye, II, 166-167).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Vadeli alaca\u011fa dair bir \u00e7ek veya senet zek\u00e2t olarak verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t, g\u0131da ve giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131 gibi mallardan ayn\u00ee olarak verilebilece\u011fi gibi para, d\u00f6viz, alt\u0131ndan da nakd\u00ee olarak verilebilir. \u00c7ek veya senet, bir mal\u0131n, bir paran\u0131n kime ait oldu\u011funu belirten, iki veya daha fazla ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda tanzim edilmi\u015f bir belgedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 miktardaki mal\u0131 veya paray\u0131 temsil etmektedir. Bu nedenle, zek\u00e2t m\u00fckellefi olan bir zengin, vadesinde \u00f6denece\u011fini kesin olarak bildi\u011fi senedi, zek\u00e2t\u0131na mahsuben fakire ciro edebilir. Ancak sorumluluk para tahsil edildi\u011fi zaman d\u00fc\u015fer. Senet \u00f6denmedi\u011fi takdirde zek\u00e2t\u0131n tekrar verilmesi gerekir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 227-233).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t vermenin belirli bir zaman\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t vermenin belli bir zaman\u0131 yoktur. Oru\u00e7 ve hac ibadetlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi nisap miktar\u0131 mal\u0131n \u00fczerinden sene ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 konusunda da kamer\u00ee ay hesab\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Farz oldu\u011fu andan itibaren verilmesi gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in belli bir kamer\u00ee ay\u0131 veya Ramazan\u2019\u0131 beklemeye gerek yoktur. Zek\u00e2t vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olanlar\u0131n, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 andan itibaren en k\u0131sa zamanda zek\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131 vermeleri gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zek\u00e2t bir kulluk borcudur, bor\u00e7 da bir an \u00f6nce \u00f6denmelidir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 175, 191-192, 223).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t, vek\u00e2let, havale, EFT vb. yollarla \u00f6denebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Ki\u015fi zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131, bizzat kendisi elden verebilece\u011fi gibi, ba\u015fkas\u0131na vek\u00e2let vermek veya havale yoluyla da verebilir. Burada \u00f6nemli olan, zek\u00e2t\u0131n, zek\u00e2t alacak ki\u015fiye ula\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 187, 189).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t taksitle \u00f6denebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2tta as\u0131l olan, ki\u015finin \u00fczerine terett\u00fcp eden zek\u00e2t\u0131 bir an \u00f6nce \u00f6demesidir. Ancak pe\u015fin \u00f6deme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmayan durumlarda bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde taksitle de \u00f6denebilir. (Bkz. \u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 191-192).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t, vaktinden \u00f6nce verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Oru\u00e7 ve hac ibadetlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi zek\u00e2t konusunda da kamer\u00ee ay hesab\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in nisap miktar\u0131 mal\u0131n \u00fczerinden bir kamer\u00ee y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi gerekir. Buna ra\u011fmen mal sahibi dilerse nisaba ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan mal\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 sene dolmadan \u00f6nce de verebilir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 15; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcm\u00e2m, Feth, I, 179).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u00d6nceki y\u0131llara ait zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermeyen bir kimse daha sonra zek\u00e2t bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6der?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermemi\u015f olan kimse, elinde mal\u0131 varsa zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermedi\u011fi ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 da verir. Mesela iki y\u0131l zek\u00e2t vermeyen bir ki\u015fi, ilk y\u0131l\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 verdikten sonra ikinci sene i\u00e7in kalan paran\u0131n % 2,5\u2019unu zek\u00e2t olarak verir (Mevs\u0131l\u00ee, el-\u0130htiy\u00e2r, I, 329-333, 391).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc bir kimse, zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermeden fakir d\u00fc\u015fse ve vefat etse, zek\u00e2t sorumlulu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015fer mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zaman\u0131nda zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermeyen bir ki\u015fi, daha sonra fakir d\u00fc\u015fer ve zek\u00e2t borcunu \u00f6demeden \u00f6l\u00fcrse zek\u00e2t sorumlulu\u011fundan kurtulamaz. Bu durumdaki ki\u015fi miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na, zek\u00e2t borcunu \u00f6demeleri hususunda vasiyette bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eayet vasiyet etmeden \u00f6l\u00fcrse g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r olur. Geride kalan varisleri onun ad\u0131na zek\u00e2t\u0131 verirlerse bu bor\u00e7tan kurtulaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmit edilir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Bir malda zek\u00e2t borcu do\u011fduktan sonra mal \u00e7al\u0131nma, kaybolma, gasp gibi istem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir yolla telef olsa; m\u00fckellef \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olsun veya olmas\u0131n, Hanef\u00eelere g\u00f6re o mal\u0131n zek\u00e2t sorumlulu\u011fu ortadan kalkar. Mal bulunmay\u0131nca, zek\u00e2t da gerekmez. Di\u011fer fakihlere g\u00f6re ise zek\u00e2t sorumlulu\u011fu devam eder. M\u00fckellefin onu \u00f6demesi gerekir. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f veya sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla elden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan mal\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekti\u011fi ittifakla kabul edilmi\u015ftir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 176, 183; Bilmen, \u0130lmihal, s. 321-322).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t kimlere verilir?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilece\u011fi kimseler Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar; fakirler, miskinler, zek\u00e2t toplamakla g\u00f6revlendirilen memurlar, m\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb ad\u0131 verilen kalpleri \u0130slam\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen kimseler, esaretten kurtulacaklar, bor\u00e7lular, Allah yolunda cihad edenler ve yolda kalm\u0131\u015f olanlard\u0131r (Tevbe, 9\/60).<\/p>\r\n <p>Fakir ve miskin, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir maldan nisab miktar\u0131na sahip olmayan kimsedir. Ancak temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ister art\u0131c\u0131 (n\u00e2m\u00ee) vas\u0131fta olsun ister olmas\u0131n, herhangi bir maldan nisap miktar\u0131na sahip olan kimse fakir veya miskin kapsam\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ona zek\u00e2t verilmez (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcm\u00e2m, Feth, II, 266).<\/p>\r\n <p>Bor\u00e7lu, kul hakk\u0131 olarak borcu olan ve borcunu \u00f6deyece\u011fi maldan ba\u015fka nisab miktar\u0131 mal\u0131 bulunmayan kimsedir (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcm\u00e2m, Feth, II, 268).<\/p>\r\n <p>Yolda kalm\u0131\u015f kimse, s\u00fcrekli ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde mal\u0131 bulunsa bile, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculukta paras\u0131z kal\u0131p paras\u0131na ula\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulamayan, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, paras\u0131zl\u0131ktan yolda kalm\u0131\u015f ve memleketine d\u00f6nemeyen kimsedir. Bu kimseye, mal\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yere d\u00f6nmesine ve d\u00f6n\u00fcnceye kadarki ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermesine yetecek kadar zek\u00e2t verilebilir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 43-46). G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yolcu olan ki\u015fi istedi\u011fi zaman memleketindeki paray\u0131 banka kart\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemle alma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahipse ona zek\u00e2t verilmez.<\/p>\r\n <p>\u201cAllah yolunda\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cf\u00ee seb\u00eelillah\u201d ifadesi ise, kendisini Allah yoluna ve \u0130slam\u2019a adam\u0131\u015f hac yolcular\u0131, askerler ve ilim i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t kimlere verilmez?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Hanefilere g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lanlara zek\u00e2t ve fitre verilmez:<\/p>\r\n <p>a) Ana, baba, b\u00fcy\u00fck ana ve b\u00fcy\u00fck babalara,<\/p>\r\n <p>b) O\u011ful, o\u011flun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, k\u0131z, k\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve bunlardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara,<\/p>\r\n <p>c) E\u015fine,<\/p>\r\n <p>d) M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlara,<\/p>\r\n <p>e) Zengine yani asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip olan ki\u015fiye,<\/p>\r\n <p>f) Babas\u0131 zengin olan ergen olmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fa (Mer\u011fin\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Hid\u00e2ye, II, 223-228).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>S\u00fctanne ve s\u00fctbabaya zek\u00e2t verilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Us\u00fbl ve fur\u00fba yani anne, baba, dede ve ninelerle, \u00e7ocuk ve torunlara zek\u00e2t verilmez (Mevs\u0131l\u00ee, el-\u0130htiy\u00e2r, I, 381). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ki\u015fi bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu bu kimselere zek\u00e2t verecek olsa verdi\u011fi zek\u00e2t dolayl\u0131 yoldan kendisine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Oysa zek\u00e2t veren, verdi\u011fi zek\u00e2ttan hi\u00e7bir madd\u00ee menfaat sa\u011flamamal\u0131 ve ondan yararlanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu durumda, zek\u00e2t olarak verilen mal\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 sahibinin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 da ihlal edilmi\u015f olur. S\u00fctanne ve s\u00fctbaba ise ki\u015finin bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kimselerden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara zek\u00e2t verilebilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Fakir karde\u015fe zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Fakir olan karde\u015fe zek\u00e2t verilebilir. Karde\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fu, amca, day\u0131, hala ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir (Mer\u011f\u00een\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Hid\u00e2ye, II, 224; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcm\u00e2m, Feth, II, 275; \u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 172, 293). Hatta zek\u00e2t verirken yoksul akrabalara \u00f6ncelik verilmesi daha sevapt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunda hem zek\u00e2t borcunu \u00f6deme, hem de s\u0131la-i rahim vard\u0131r. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.), \u201cSadakas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131s\u0131m\u0131na veren i\u00e7in iki ecir vard\u0131r: H\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131k ecri ve sadaka ecri.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 44; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Zek\u00e2t, 24) buyurarak bunu te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u00dcvey anne, \u00fcvey baba ve \u00fcvey \u00e7ocuklara zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>\u00dcvey anne, \u00fcvey baba ve \u00fcvey \u00e7ocuklara, fakir olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde zek\u00e2t verilebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlarla zek\u00e2t\u0131 veren ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda us\u00fbl ve f\u00fcr\u00fb ili\u015fkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, zek\u00e2t veren \u015fah\u0131s normal durumlarda bunlara bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de de\u011fildir. (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcm\u00e2m, Feth, II, 275; \u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 172, 293).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Damat ve geline zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Fakir olan damada ve geline zek\u00e2t verilebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlarla zek\u00e2t\u0131 veren ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda us\u00fbl ve f\u00fcr\u00fb ili\u015fkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, zek\u00e2t veren \u015fah\u0131s bunlara bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de de\u011fildir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 172, 293).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Kay\u0131nvalide ve kay\u0131npedere zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Fakir olan kay\u0131nvalide ve kay\u0131npedere zek\u00e2t verilebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlarla zek\u00e2t\u0131 veren ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda us\u00fbl ve f\u00fcr\u00fb ili\u015fkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, zek\u00e2t veren \u015fah\u0131s bunlara bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de de\u011fildir. (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 172, 293).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Evlat edinilen (bak\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcstlenilen) \u00e7ocu\u011fa zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Dinimizde kimsesiz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetilmesi tavsiye edilmi\u015f olmakla birlikte hukuk\u00ee birtak\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furacak \u015fekilde bir evlatl\u0131k m\u00fcessesesi kabul edilmemi\u015ftir (Ahzab, 33\/4-5). Buna g\u00f6re \u201cevlat edinme\u201d, evlat edinenle evlatl\u0131k aras\u0131nda us\u00fbl-f\u00fcr\u00fb ili\u015fkisi meydana getirmez. Bu sebeple ki\u015fi, bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ve kendi soyundan olmayan bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa, fakir olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla, zek\u00e2t verebilir..<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Ge\u00e7imini maa\u015f veya \u00fccretle sa\u011flayanlara zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>\u0130slam\u2019da zek\u00e2t ve fitrenin kimlere verilip verilemeyece\u011fi, ki\u015filerin meslek gruplar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla, belirli bir geliri bulundu\u011fu h\u00e2lde, bu geliriyle asgari temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamayan veya temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131ktan sonra elinde 80.18 gram alt\u0131n veya bu de\u011ferde bir mal bulunmayan ki\u015filere zek\u00e2t verilebilir. Bu ki\u015filerin \u00fccretli memur, esnaf veya i\u015fsiz olmas\u0131 fark etmez. Ancak bu kadar mal\u0131 olmasa bile kendisinin ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu ki\u015filerin temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek durumda olanlara zek\u00e2t verilemeyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde olan \u00e2limler bulundu\u011fundan (R\u00e2fi\u00ee, el-Az\u00eez, VII, 377), zek\u00e2t verirken daha yoksul olanlara \u00f6ncelik verilmesi uygun olur.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t \u00e2yetinde ge\u00e7en \u201cf\u00ee seb\u00eelillah\u201d\u0131n kapsam\u0131na okullar, Kur\u2019an kurslar\u0131, camiler ve benzeri hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131 girer mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n sarf yerleri, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de (Tevbe, 9\/60) belirlenmi\u015ftir. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) de toplanan zek\u00e2ttan kendisine hisse verilmesini isteyen bir zata hitaben, \u201cY\u00fcce Allah, zek\u00e2t (taksimi) hususunda ne bir peygamberin ne de ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcne raz\u0131 olmad\u0131, onunla ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fc kendisi verdi ve onu sekiz s\u0131n\u0131fa taksim etti. E\u011fer o s\u0131n\u0131flardan isen sana hakk\u0131n\u0131 veririm.\u201d (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Zek\u00e2t, 24) buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n <p>Bu itibarla, belirli \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 zek\u00e2t ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de Cenab-\u0131 Hak taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen yerler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir yere verilmesi veya cami, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, yol, okul, yurt, suyolu vb. hay\u0131r i\u015flerine sarf edilmesi fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funca caiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Zira zek\u00e2t ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n sahih olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131ndan biri de temliktir. Temlik, e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 veya mal\u00ee bir hakk\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na devretmeyi ifade eder.<\/p>\r\n <p>Bu sebeple \u00f6zellikle m\u00fcsl\u00fcman fakirin ve ihtiya\u00e7 sahibinin hakk\u0131 olan ve ancak temlik etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn zimmetinden d\u00fc\u015fen zek\u00e2t ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fczel ki\u015filere, hay\u0131r kurulu\u015flar\u0131na verilmesi caiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir (el-Fet\u00e2va\u2019l-Hindiyye, I, 207). \u0130lgili \u00e2yetteki \u201cAllah yolunda\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cf\u00ee seb\u00eelillah\u201d ifadesi, kendisini Allah yoluna ve \u0130slam\u2019a adam\u0131\u015f hac yolcular\u0131, askerler ve ilim i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131na zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilece\u011fi yerler, Tevbe s\u00fbresinin 60. \u00e2yetinde belirlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re zek\u00e2t, ilke olarak fakirlerin ve ihtiya\u00e7 sahibi bireylerin hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla, belirli \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 zek\u00e2t ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de belirlenen yerler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir yere verilmesi veya cami, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, yol, okul, su gibi hay\u0131r i\u015flerine sarf edilmesi, Hanef\u00eelerce caiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Bu esas g\u00f6zetilmeksizin zek\u00e2t niyeti ile yap\u0131lan \u00f6demeler zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7mez. Zek\u00e2t, kendilerine zek\u00e2t verilmesi caiz olan kimselere do\u011frudan teslim edilebilece\u011fi gibi, arac\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile de ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu arac\u0131n\u0131n birey olmas\u0131 ile kurum olmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda fark yoktur. Buna g\u00f6re hay\u0131r kurumu veya sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu, toplayaca\u011f\u0131 zek\u00e2tlar\u0131 Kur\u2019an\u2019da belirlenen yerlere\/fakir ve ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsa arac\u0131 konumunda olan bu kurulu\u015flara zek\u00e2t emanet edilebilir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131 hak sahiplerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131p, in\u015faat, ayd\u0131nlatma, b\u00fcro masraflar\u0131 gibi genel hizmetleri i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirecek olan kurulu\u015flara ise zek\u00e2t verilmez.<\/p>\r\n <p>Halka hizmet veren bu gibi kurumlar\u0131n varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri i\u00e7in desteklenmeleri \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak bu, zek\u00e2t d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yard\u0131mlar yolu ile yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda kamusal ve bireysel denetimler de ihmal edilmemelidir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Fakir ve yoksul kimselerin sa\u011fl\u0131k tedavilerini yapt\u0131ran vak\u0131f, dernek gibi kurulu\u015flara zek\u00e2t verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n sahih olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131ndan biri temliktir. Temlik e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 veya mal\u00ee bir hakk\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na devretmeyi ifade eder. Bu itibarla fakirlere temlik etmek \u00fczere zek\u00e2t ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakalar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir fonda toplayan ve her bak\u0131mdan kendilerine g\u00fcvenilen kimseler eliyle y\u00f6netilen dernek ve kurumlara (muhta\u00e7lara ula\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6neticileri, vekil tayin edilerek) zek\u00e2t ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 verilebilir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 4).<\/p>\r\n <p>S\u00f6z konusu dernek ve vak\u0131flar, zek\u00e2t almalar\u0131 caiz olan kimselerin tedavileri i\u00e7in, zek\u00e2t almak ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 zek\u00e2t\u0131 bu ihtiya\u00e7lara sarf etmek \u00fczere bunlardan vek\u00e2let ald\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde, onlar ad\u0131na zek\u00e2t alabilirler. Hen\u00fcz ergenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na varmam\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler i\u00e7in de bunlar\u0131n velilerinden vek\u00e2let almak gerekir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz vek\u00e2let verilecek ki\u015filerin her bak\u0131mdan g\u00fcvenilir kimseler olmalar\u0131, toplanacak zek\u00e2t\u0131n ba\u015fka i\u015flere harcanmamas\u0131 ve bu y\u00f6ndeki denetimlerin ihmal edilmemesi gerekir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en vak\u0131f ve kurulu\u015flarda tedavi g\u00f6ren ancak fakir olmayan insanlara zek\u00e2t, fitre ve fidye gelirlerinden harcama yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>\u0130\u00e7ki, kumar gibi haramlar\u0131 i\u015fleyen kimseye zek\u00e2t ya da fitre verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t, Tevbe s\u00fbresinin 60. \u00e2yetinde say\u0131lan ba\u015fta yoksullar olmak \u00fczere sekiz s\u0131n\u0131f insana verilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu g\u00f6revin yerine getirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda din\u00ee hassasiyeti olan fakirlere \u00f6ncelik verilmesi tavsiye edilirse de m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmak kayd\u0131 ile baz\u0131 haramlar\u0131 i\u015fleyenlere de verilebilir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Gayr\u0131 me\u015fru i\u015fler yapan ve verilen zek\u00e2t\u0131 bu i\u015flere harcayaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen yoksul bir kimseye ailesinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak zek\u00e2t vermek gerekti\u011finde, zek\u00e2t\u0131n nakit olarak de\u011fil de g\u0131da veya giyim e\u015fyas\u0131 olarak verilmesi uygun olur.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <div class=\"faq-question\">\r\n <h3>Zek\u00e2t gayrim\u00fcslimlere verilebilir mi?<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Aralar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt mezhep imam\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu zek\u00e2t\u0131n, gayrim\u00fcslimlere verilemeyece\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc esas olarak zek\u00e2t m\u00fcsl\u00fcman fakirlerin hakk\u0131d\u0131r (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 49; Nevev\u00ee, el-Mecm\u00fb\u2019, VI, 197; el-Fet\u00e2va\u2019l-Hindiyye, I, 207; \u0130bn N\u00fcceym, el-Bahr, II, 261).<\/p>\r\n <p>Ancak Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de zek\u00e2t\u0131n sarf edilece\u011fi yerler aras\u0131nda, kalpleri \u0130slam\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lacak olan \u201cm\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb\u201d da zikredilmi\u015f (Tevbe, 9\/60); Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) de gerek zek\u00e2t gerekse di\u011fer devlet gelirlerinden kalplerini \u0130slam\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131rmak istedi\u011fi ki\u015filere pay ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Farzu\u2019l-humus, 19; Tirmiz\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 30).<\/p>\r\n <p>Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n (s.a.s.) vefat\u0131ndan sonra baz\u0131 kimseler bu uygulamayla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarak devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019den zek\u00e2t gelirinden pay istemi\u015fler, duruma muttali olan Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) de \u201cDe ki: Hak, Rabbinizdendir. Art\u0131k dileyen iman etsin, dileyen ink\u00e2r etsin.\u201d (Kehf, 18\/29) \u00e2yetini okuyarak, art\u0131k m\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbbun kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015f ve onlar\u0131n talebini reddetmi\u015ftir (Bkz. K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 45; Zeyla\u00ee, Nasbu\u2019r-r\u00e2ye, II, 394-395; Aliyy\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00e2r\u00ee, Fethu b\u00e2bi\u2019l-\u2018in\u00e2ye, I, 530).<\/p>\r\n <p>Bu sebeple fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in bu ictih\u00e2d\u0131na ve Hulef\u00e2-y\u0131 R\u00e2\u015fidin d\u00f6neminde \u201cm\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb\u201da pay ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f (\u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, el-Musannef, IV, 361) olu\u015funa dayanarak Tevbe s\u00fbresinin 60. \u00e2yetinde s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen bu pay\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucuna varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in \u201cm\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb\u201d s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan zek\u00e2t isteyenlerin talebini reddetmesi, bu konu ile ilgili \u00e2yetin h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, bu konuda kendisine ba\u015fvuran kimseleri \u201cm\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb\u201d s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan saymamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de kalpleri kazan\u0131lmak, \u0130slam\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmak veya k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden emin olunmak istenen yahut m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara faydal\u0131 olacaklar\u0131 umulan gayrim\u00fcslimlere de \u201cm\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb\u201d s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan zek\u00e2t verilmesi maslahata uygun bulunabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fa zek\u00e2t verilebilece\u011fini savunan \u00e2limler bu y\u00f6nde bir tasarrufun devlet yetkililerinin takdirine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu; uygun g\u00f6rmeleri h\u00e2linde \u201cm\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb\u201da zek\u00e2t verilebilece\u011fini, zaman zaman buna ihtiya\u00e7 duyulabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir (Karad\u00e2v\u00ee, F\u0131khu\u2019z-zek\u00e2t, II, 607-608).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Yeni Eklenen FAQ Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 -->\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">S\u00fcnnet ettirmek veya evlendirmek i\u00e7in fakire harcanan para zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7er mi?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Kendilerine zek\u00e2t verilecek gruplardan biri de fakirlerdir (Tevbe, 9\/60). Bir ki\u015fi zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131, elindeki mal\u0131n cinsinden verebilece\u011fi gibi bedeli olan ba\u015fka mallardan nakit olarak da verebilir. Bu itibarla evlenecek ki\u015fiye, zek\u00e2t alma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor ise, ihtiyac\u0131 olan e\u015fyalar zek\u00e2t olarak verilebilir. Velisi fakir olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n s\u00fcnnet masraflar\u0131 da zek\u00e2t niyetiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Ancak daha uygun olan\u0131 zek\u00e2t\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine verip harcamay\u0131 onlar\u0131n yapmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131makt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Ramazan ay\u0131nda belediye, dernek veya vak\u0131flarca haz\u0131rlanan iftar yemekleri, a\u015fevlerinde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan yemekler zek\u00e2t ve fitre yerine ge\u00e7er mi?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Belediye, dernek veya vak\u0131flarca haz\u0131rlan\u0131p ikram edilen iftar yemekleri zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7mez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ikramda, zek\u00e2t\u0131n s\u0131hhat \u015fart\u0131 olan temlik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, iftar yeme\u011fi yiyenler aras\u0131nda kendilerine zek\u00e2t verilmesi caiz olmayan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <p>Ancak haz\u0131rlanan yemekler zek\u00e2t niyetiyle yoksullara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Fakir kirac\u0131dan al\u0131nacak kira bedeli, al\u0131nmayarak zek\u00e2ta say\u0131labilir mi?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, fakire verilecek para veya mal\u0131n ona temlik edilmesi yani onun m\u00fclk\u00fcne ge\u00e7irilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu da zek\u00e2t\u0131n fiilen fakire teslimi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 171). Mesela yemek haz\u0131rlay\u0131p bunu fakirlerin yiyebilece\u011fini ilan etmekle ya da onlara yedirmekle o yemek temlik edilmi\u015f\/verilmi\u015f olmaz.<\/p>\r\n <p>Ancak ayn\u0131 yemek yap\u0131l\u0131p zek\u00e2t niyeti ile fakire teslim edilirse, temlik ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f yani zek\u00e2t verilmi\u015f olur. Buna g\u00f6re, bir kimseye bor\u00e7 verirken zek\u00e2ta niyet edilmedi\u011fi, daha sonra da bu paray\u0131 zek\u00e2ta saymaya niyet edildi\u011fi zaman, paran\u0131n kendisi ortada bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in temlik ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir kimseye bor\u00e7 olarak verilmi\u015f olan paran\u0131n daha sonra bor\u00e7luya zek\u00e2t niyeti ile ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 ile zek\u00e2t verilmi\u015f olmaz. D\u00f6rt mezhep \u00e2limleri bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Temlik kavram\u0131na daha geni\u015f bir anlam y\u00fckleyen baz\u0131 \u00e2limler ise, fakirin zimmetinde bulunan alaca\u011f\u0131n ona ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 da temlik olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015fler ve bunu caiz g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir (Karad\u00e2v\u00ee, F\u0131khu\u2019z-zek\u00e2t, II, 848-850; Zuhayl\u00ee, el-F\u0131khu\u2019l-\u0130slam\u00ee, II, 895 vd.). Bu son g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle de amel edilebilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Hastanelere al\u0131nan sa\u011fl\u0131k cihazlar\u0131 zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7er mi?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilebilece\u011fi yerler Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de ismen say\u0131larak belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar; fakirler, yoksullar (miskinler), esaretten kurtulacaklar, bor\u00e7lular, Allah yolunda cihad edenler (f\u00ee seb\u00eelillah), yolda kalm\u0131\u015f olanlar, zek\u00e2t toplamakla g\u00f6revlendirilen memurlar ve m\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb (kalpleri \u0130slam\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen kimseler)dur (Tevbe, 9\/60). Bu \u00e2yette belirtilenler kurum de\u011fil, bireylerdir. Buna g\u00f6re zek\u00e2t bizzat bireye veya onun vekiline verilmelidir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Bu genel ilkeye g\u00f6re ad\u0131 ne olursa olsun kurumlara zek\u00e2t verilmez. \u00c2limlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bu istikamettedir (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 43-46; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcm\u00e2m, Feth, II, 272; \u0130bn Kud\u00e2me, el-Mu\u011fn\u00ee, IV, 125). Ancak halka hizmet veren bu gibi kurumlara g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yard\u0131mlar yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- Yeni Eklenen FAQ Biti\u015f -->\r\n\r\n<!-- Yeni Eklenen FAQ Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 -->\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">A\u011fa\u00e7 dikme kampanyas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanan paralar zek\u00e2t yerine ge\u00e7er mi?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>A\u011fa\u00e7 dikme kampanyas\u0131na yap\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar zek\u00e2ta ve sadaka-i f\u0131tra mahsup edilemez. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilece\u011fi yerler sekiz s\u0131n\u0131f olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bunlar; fakirler, d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnler, esaretten kurtulacaklar, bor\u00e7lu d\u00fc\u015fenler, Allah yolunda cihada koyulanlar, yolda kalm\u0131\u015f olanlar, zek\u00e2t toplamakla g\u00f6revlendirilen memurlar ve kalpleri \u0130slam\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen kimselerdir (Tevbe, 9\/60). Bu say\u0131lanlardan ba\u015fka yerlere zek\u00e2t ve fitre verilemez.<\/p>\r\n <p>Fakat \u015fu da bilinmelidir ki, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim, ekosistemin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan a\u011fa\u00e7 dikmeye ve ye\u015fili korumaya dikkatlerimizi \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir (Bakara, 2\/266; Abese, 80\/25-32). Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) de m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 dikmeye y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015f ve \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan bir kimse bir a\u011fa\u00e7 dikerse, o a\u011fa\u00e7tan yenen meyve mutlaka onun i\u00e7in sadaka olur.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Muz\u00e2raa, 1; M\u00fcslim, M\u00fcs\u00e2k\u00e2t, 7) ifadeleri ile a\u011fa\u00e7 dikmeye te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.s.) bu tavr\u0131n\u0131 her m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6rnek almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Bir firma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131mlar\u0131 zek\u00e2t yerine sayabilir mi?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Firma taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak olan yard\u0131m ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n zek\u00e2ta mahsup edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n;<\/p>\r\n <p>a) Zek\u00e2t niyetiyle verilmesi,<\/p>\r\n <p>b) Yard\u0131m yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n zek\u00e2t almas\u0131 caiz olan kimselerden olmas\u0131,<\/p>\r\n <p>c) Firma bir \u015firketse, ortaklar\u0131n zek\u00e2t verme konusunda y\u00f6neticilere vek\u00e2let vermesi,<\/p>\r\n <p>d) Yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131m\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fi verilmesi gereken promosyon vb. \u00f6deme kalemlerinden olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Zek\u00e2t verilen ki\u015finin zengin oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa ne yapmak gerekir?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Zek\u00e2t m\u00fckellefi, kime zek\u00e2t verdi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu zek\u00e2t verilebilecek ki\u015filerden oldu\u011fu kanaatine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 birisine zek\u00e2t verir, daha sonra bu kimsenin zek\u00e2t verilecek ki\u015filerden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, zek\u00e2t\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>\r\n <p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n zek\u00e2t verir ve daha sonra bu kimsenin zek\u00e2t verilebilecek ki\u015filerden oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, zek\u00e2t\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir. Ancak b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, zek\u00e2t\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olmaz, yeniden vermesi gerekir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 302, 303).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 nedir ve ne zaman verilir?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Halk aras\u0131nda fitre diye bilinen f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 (sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r); insan olarak yarat\u0131lman\u0131n ve Ramazan orucunu tutup bayrama ula\u015fman\u0131n bir \u015f\u00fckr\u00fc olarak; dinen zengin olup Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n sonuna yeti\u015fen m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n, belirli kimselere vermesi vacip olan bir sadakad\u0131r (Nevev\u00ee, el-Mecm\u00fb\u2019, VI, 103-105). Vacip olu\u015fu, s\u00fcnnetle sabittir (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 70-78; M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t, 12-16; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Zek\u00e2t, 18; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Zek\u00e2t, 21).<\/p>\r\n <p>Ki\u015fi, kendisinin ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n fitrelerini vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Hz. Peygamber, k\u00f6le-h\u00fcr, b\u00fcy\u00fck-k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, kad\u0131n-erkek her m\u00fcsl\u00fcmana fitrenin gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Zek\u00e2t, 20).<\/p>\r\n <p>F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n vacip olma zaman\u0131 Ramazan bayram\u0131n\u0131n birinci g\u00fcn\u00fc olmakla birlikte, bayramdan \u00f6nce de verilebilir. Hatta bu daha faziletlidir. Bununla birlikte, bayram g\u00fcn\u00fc veya daha sonra da verilebilir. Ancak, bayram namaz\u0131ndan \u00f6nce verilmesi m\u00fcstehap kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n <p>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezhebinde ise; fitreyi, me\u015fru bir mazeret bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a bayram\u0131n birinci g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131ndan sonraya b\u0131rakmak haramd\u0131r. Fitreyi Ramazan\u2019\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde vermek de caizdir (Nevev\u00ee, el-Mecm\u00fb\u2019, VI, 128).<\/p>\r\n <p>Fitrenin hedefi, bir fakirin i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun hayat standard\u0131na g\u00f6re bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck yiyece\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece bayram sevincine i\u015ftirak etmesine katk\u0131da bulunmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde, ki\u015finin bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck (iki \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn) normal g\u0131da ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak miktar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc al\u0131nmas\u0131 daha uygundur. Ki\u015fi dinen zengin say\u0131lanlara, us\u00fbl\u00fcne (anne, baba, dedeler ve nineler), f\u00fcr\u00fbuna (\u00e7ocuk ve torunlar) ve e\u015fine f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 veremez. Fitreler bir fakire verilebilece\u011fi gibi, birka\u00e7 fakire de da\u011f\u0131t\u0131labilir. (Mer\u011f\u00een\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Hid\u00e2ye, II, 224). Ancak bir ki\u015fiye verilen miktar bir fitreden az olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- Yeni Eklenen FAQ Biti\u015f -->\r\n\r\n<!-- Yeni Eklenen FAQ Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 -->\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Kimler f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>Ramazan bayram\u0131na kavu\u015fan, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve bir y\u0131ll\u0131k bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nisap miktar\u0131 (80.18 gr. alt\u0131n veya bu de\u011ferde) mala sahip olan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kendileri ve velayetleri alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015filer i\u00e7in f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 70, 72).<\/p>\r\n <p>Ancak f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmak i\u00e7in bulunmas\u0131 gereken nisap miktar\u0131 mal\u0131n, \u201cart\u0131c\u0131\u201d \u00f6zellikte olmas\u0131 ve \u00fczerinden \u201cbir kameri y\u0131l\u201d ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/p>\r\n <p>Ki\u015fi kendisinin ve ergenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n fitresini vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 70). Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ki\u015fininana-babas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, kar\u0131s\u0131, karde\u015fleri ve di\u011fer yak\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in fitre \u00f6deme zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur. (K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee, Bed\u00e2\u00ee\u2019, II, 70, 72). Fakat vek\u00e2letleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde bu ki\u015filer i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yapsa ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>\r\n <p>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezhebine g\u00f6re ise f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 vermek \u201cfarz\u201dd\u0131r ve bununla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmak i\u00e7in nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip olmak \u015fart de\u011fildir (\u015eirb\u00een\u00ee, Mu\u011fni\u2019l-muht\u00e2c, I, 594). Buna g\u00f6re temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bayram g\u00fcn\u00fc ve gecesine yetecek kadar az\u0131\u011fa sahip zengin-fakir her m\u00fcsl\u00fcman fitre ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (\u015eirb\u00een\u00ee, Mu\u011fni\u2019l-muht\u00e2c, I, 594). Ayr\u0131ca varl\u0131kl\u0131 kimsenin m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan e\u015fi, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, ana-babas\u0131 ve di\u011fer yak\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r vermesi gerekir. (\u015eirb\u00een\u00ee, Mu\u011fni\u2019l-muht\u00e2c, I, 595; \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd, Bid\u00e2ye, I, 279-280).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 kimlere verilebilir, kimlere verilemez?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131, ki\u015finin bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksul m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara verilir. F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 ve oru\u00e7 fidyesini vermek durumunda olan kimsenin bunlardan do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak yararlanmamas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Zek\u00e2t i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 kural ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu sebeple bir kimse zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131, f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131 ve fidyesini kendi us\u00fbl ve f\u00fcr\u00fbuna veremez. (Us\u00fbl, bir kimsenin anas\u0131, babas\u0131, dede ve nineleri; f\u00fcr\u00fbu ise; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, torunlar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131d\u0131r.) Ayr\u0131ca e\u015fler de birbirlerine zek\u00e2t, fitre ve fidye veremez.<\/p>\r\n <p>Hanefilere g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lanlara fitre verilmez:<\/p>\r\n <p>a) Ana, baba, b\u00fcy\u00fck ana ve b\u00fcy\u00fck babalara,<\/p>\r\n <p>b) O\u011ful, o\u011flun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, k\u0131z, k\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve bunlardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara,<\/p>\r\n <p>c) E\u015fine,<\/p>\r\n <p>d) Zengine yani asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip olan ki\u015fiye,<\/p>\r\n <p>e) Babas\u0131 zengin olan ergen olmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fa (Mer\u011fin\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Hid\u00e2ye, II, 223-228).<\/p>\r\n <p>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00eelere ve Ebu Yusuf\u2019a g\u00f6re fitre, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayana da verilemez (M\u00e2verd\u00ee, el-H\u00e2v\u00ee, III, 387; X, 519; Mer\u011fin\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Hid\u00e2ye, II, 223).<\/p>\r\n <p>Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki karde\u015f, teyze, day\u0131, amca, hala ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, gelin, damat, kay\u0131npeder ve kay\u0131nvalide gibi akrabalar zengin de\u011fillerse kendilerine zek\u00e2t, fitre ve fidye verilebilir (Zeyla\u00ee, Teby\u00een, I, 301).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n bu\u011fday, arpa, hurma veya \u00fcz\u00fcm olarak verilmesi zorunlu mudur?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131, soruda say\u0131lan maddelerden verilebilece\u011fi gibi, bunlar\u0131n de\u011feri para olarak da verilebilir. Ancak fakirin yarar\u0131na olan\u0131 tercih etmek daha uygundur (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 321, 322).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 cami in\u015faat\u0131 i\u00e7in verilebilir mi?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fartlar\u0131ndan biri de temliktir. Temlik e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 veya mal\u00ee bir hakk\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na devretmeyi ifade eder. Cami, okul, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, yol vb. yerlere temlik s\u00f6z konusu olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 verilemez. (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 291, 325).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">Vaktinde \u00f6denmeyen f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 borcu nas\u0131l \u00f6denir?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>B\u00fct\u00fcn ibadetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de geciktirilmeyip zaman\u0131nda yerine getirilmelidir. Bununla birlikte zaman\u0131nda \u00f6denmemi\u015fse, bu fitrelerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan ilk f\u0131rsatta \u00f6denmesi gerekir.<\/p>\r\n <p>Fitre y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, Ahmed b. Hanbel ve bir rivayette \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019e g\u00f6re Ramazan\u2019\u0131n son g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015fin batmas\u0131yla, Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019ye ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 m\u00fcctehid imamlara g\u00f6re ise bayram g\u00fcn\u00fc tan yerinin a\u011farmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. B\u00f6yle olmakla birlikte fitre Ramazan ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde de verilebilir. Hatta fakirlerin bayram ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bayramdan \u00f6nce verilmesi daha iyidir. Ancak bayram sabah\u0131na kadar sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r verilmemi\u015f ise, bayram g\u00fcnlerinde \u00f6denmesi gerekir. Zaman\u0131nda \u00f6denmeyip sonraya kalan fitreler ise, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan ilk f\u0131rsatta \u00f6denmelidir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 312, 322).<\/p>\r\n <p>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezhebinde fitreyi, Ramazan\u2019\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde vermek caiz; me\u015fru bir mazeret bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a bayram\u0131n birinci g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131ndan sonraya ertelemek ise haramd\u0131r (Nevev\u00ee, el-Mecm\u00fb\u2019, VI, 128).<\/p>\r\n <p>Fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re fitrenin \u00f6denmesinin bayramdan sonraya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 mekruh olmakla birlikte yap\u0131lan \u00f6deme kaza de\u011fil edad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 fakihler ise fitreyi bayram sonras\u0131na b\u0131rakmay\u0131 haram sayar ve yap\u0131lan \u00f6demeyi kaza olarak nitelendirir (Cez\u00eer\u00ee, el-Mez\u00e2hib\u00fc\u2019l-erbe\u2018a, I, 570).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\r\n <button class=\"faq-question\">T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ki\u015fi, f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u00fclke \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re mi yoksa T\u00fcrkiye \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re mi verir?<\/button>\r\n <div class=\"faq-answer\">\r\n <p>\u00dclke ve b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re ge\u00e7im standartlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r m\u00fckellefi, kendi bulundu\u011fu yere g\u00f6re tespit edilen miktarda sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r vermelidir (\u0130bn \u00c2bid\u00een, Redd\u00fc\u2019l-muht\u00e2r, III, 319-322).<\/p>\r\n <p>Ancak s\u00fcrekli olarak yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde sadaka-i f\u0131tr\u0131n \u00f6denece\u011fi zaman T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan kimse, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sadaka-i f\u0131tr\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- Yeni Eklenen FAQ Biti\u015f -->\r\n\r\n<script> \r\n const faqQuestions = document.querySelectorAll(\".faq-question\"); \r\n faqQuestions.forEach((q) => { \r\n const answer = q.nextElementSibling; \r\n \/\/ Make non-button questions keyboard accessible\r\n if (q.tagName !== 'BUTTON') { \r\n q.setAttribute('role', 'button'); \r\n q.setAttribute('tabindex', '0'); \r\n }\r\n \/\/ Initialize aria state\r\n q.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false'); \r\n\r\n const toggle = () => { \r\n const nowActive = !q.classList.contains('active'); \r\n q.classList.toggle('active'); \r\n if (answer) { \r\n answer.classList.toggle('open'); \r\n }\r\n q.setAttribute('aria-expanded', String(nowActive)); \r\n };\r\n\r\n q.addEventListener('click', toggle); \r\n q.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => { \r\n if (e.key === 'Enter' || e.key === ' ') { \r\n e.preventDefault(); \r\n toggle(); \r\n } \r\n }); \r\n }); \r\n<\/script> \r\n\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gelenekten Gelece\u011fe\u2026 namaz vakitleri Zek\u00e2t Fetvalar\u0131 \ud83d\udcd8 Zek\u00e2t Fetvalar\u0131 Zek\u00e2t nedir? Zek\u00e2t, dinen zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kabul edilen miktarda (nisap) mala sahip olan kimselerin Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in muayyen ki\u015filere vermesi gereken belli miktar\u0131 ifade eder. Zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fartlar: \u2022 Mallar\u0131n nisaba ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u2022 N\u00e2m\u00ee (\u00fcreyici\/art\u0131c\u0131) olmas\u0131 \u2022 Sahip olundu\u011fu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5235","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5235"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5259,"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5235\/revisions\/5259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tarfus.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}